Thursday, June 7, 2012

Using Assessments to Influence Instruction

Re-Post from C&I 407, Summer 2011:

While I try every year to make changes to my assessments, I think that I need to work harder at making sure that those assessments are kept in mind when making teaching decisions. One of the things I plan to do is to move faster into transitioning students from selection answers into creation answers. For next year all of my social studies classes are once again at the freshman level. I start tests off early in the year with all selected response and gradually add in constructed response level questions; short answer and then longer essay questions. Over the years I have found that they get very little of those in our junior high and I want to build them up to it.

I teach history and as a result need to find out how many historical facts my students know, making selected response questions a good choice (Popham, 2008, p 166). Over the years I have noticed something that seems odd to me; some of my students do very poorly on matching questions. I have students that won’t miss a single multiple choice question, but will miss almost all of the matching ones! One thing I will try to improve that is to work with them in class on those types of question, giving them practice and tips. Another thing that I might try for next year is to use pre-test and post-test to help me measure the effectiveness of my teaching (pp 102-103).

As I attempt to move my students up Bloom’s Taxonomy to application and synthesis (or to conditional knowledge in Bruning et al.) I will work with them to improve their short answer and essay questions. Doing so will take time, but if I have them analyze sample responses to essay questions, I can hopefully show them specifically why and answer is great or not so great.

As for my assessment types, I don’t think I will change them radically, but as I mentioned, attempt to incorporate higher level questions earlier. I will continue with my Universal Reading Questions (URQs) but I will make changes in how I use those to improve student involvement in the classroom. I will attempt to involve the students more in my responses to those questions. My goal with those questions was to get them beyond “seek and find” questions that often come at the end of a section or chapter, and to engage with the text. I also get to find out the things that the students find to be interesting and the things they don’t understand or want to know more about.

In the future instead of me explaining the answer or background to their questions, I will try to get them to look up that information and guide them to the connections instead of simply pointing them out. To be fair, they do make connections, but I would like for them to make most of the connections. I plan to grade their individual responses then group them by those with similar responses or questions. Their follow up assignment will be a series of questions concerning related facts and topics I will ask them to look up to help them answer their own questions providing them the opportunity to make deeper connections. I can still provide additional information and connections as needed.

I always tell my students that history textbooks are boring because they contain a lot of facts and very few of the really good stories—don’t get me started on why that is, it would require another blog page! I tell them that if they read and learn the basics I will tell them the interesting human twists and possible explanations that get left out. Now they will hopefully learn how to go about finding out more about those things on their own with additional guidance on my part.

Finally, I plan to limit my instructional objectives by combining what Popham calls, “lesser, smaller-scope objectives,” (p. 104) into curricular aims that will improve what I teach and how I assess it. I want to avoid the super specific goals (like Illinois’ pages of social studies standards) in favor of ones that help the students learn historical connections and support the English and Language Arts goals of the Common Core Standards. I hope that having these broader curricular aims will help guide my instruction by helping me to focus on larger concepts and avoid getting bogged down by the myriad of standards, or as Popham says, “end up paying attention to no objectives at all (p. 103).

In today’s world a historical fact can be looked up in 0.05 seconds (for 3,373,000 results!) My selected response tests will continue to monitor their knowledge of the basic facts, but the URQs, essay questions, connection essays and projects will address higher levels. What I think is most important is that students can correctly arrange those facts into related ideas, themes and connected concepts that can help answer the questions of “who we are,” “where we came from,” and “where we are going,” thus making the past capable of being seen as relevant in the world, both today and tomorrow.

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